Pyrotechnician
Vitaliy is a renowned pyrotechnician at his school. His experiments have often led to broken windows, damaged doors, and malfunctioning computers. However, with graduation approaching, Vitaliy has the opportunity to demonstrate his skills by organizing the most spectacular fireworks display in the school's history. To achieve this, he requires exactly 2 substances. The challenge lies in maximizing the explosion force to ensure the fireworks are both beautiful and powerful.
The explosion force is determined by the formula:
a a+1 ... b-1 b,
where a and b represent the quantities of the first and second substances, respectively. Vitaliy is experimenting with different quantities of these substances, and your task is to calculate the explosion force for each of his requests.
Input
The first line contains a single integer 1 ≤ t ≤ 50000, representing the number of requests. Each of the following t lines contains two integers, a_i and b_i, which denote the quantities of the two substances (0 ≤ a_i ≤ b_i ≤ 2^31 - 1).
Output
For each request, output the calculated explosion force on a separate line.