B-Casting
Casting around for problems leads us to combine modular arithmetic with different integer bases, particularly the problem of computing values modulo b - 1, where b is the base in which the value is represented. For example,
7829[10] mod 9 = 8
37777777777777773[8] mod 7 = 6
123456[7] mod 6 = 3
(Note that 37777777777777773[8] = 1125899906842619[10] and 123456[7] = 22875[10])
Your job is to write a program that reads integer values in various bases and computes the remainder after dividing these values by one less than the input base.
Input
The first line contains the number of data sets t (1 ≤ t ≤ 1000). Each data set should be processed identically and independently.
Each data set consists of a single line of input containing three space-separated values. The first is an integer which is the data set number. The second is an integer which is the number b (2 ≤ b ≤ 10), denoting a numeric base. The third is an unsigned number d, in base b representation. For this problem, the number of numeric characters in d will be limited to 10000000.
Output
For each data set there is a single line of output. It contains the data set number followed by a single space which is then followed by the remainder resulting from dividing d by (b - l).